All tools

All online calculators

Browse every calculator by category. Use this page as the main directory when moving between topics.

Biology

DNA, genetics, cell biology, and lab calculation tools for students and researchers.

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Biology

Hardy-Weinberg Calculator

Calculate allele and genotype frequencies for a population in genetic equilibrium.

geneticspopulation-geneticsallele-frequency
Biology

DNA GC Content Calculator

Calculate the percentage of guanine and cytosine bases in a DNA sequence.

dnamolecular-biologygenomics
Biology

Cell Doubling Time Calculator

Find the time required for a cell population to double in size.

cell-biologymicrobiologygrowth-rate
Biology

Beer-Lambert Law Calculator

Calculate absorbance or concentration using the Beer-Lambert law.

spectrophotometrylaboratorybiochemistry
Biology

Enzyme Kinetics Calculator

Calculate reaction velocity using the Michaelis-Menten equation.

enzymologybiochemistrymichaelis-menten
Biology

Osmolarity Calculator

Estimate the osmolarity of a solution from solute concentration and dissociation.

physiologycell-biologyosmosis
Biology

Population Growth Calculator

Model exponential population growth over time in ecology.

ecologyexponential-growthpopulation-biology
Biology

Mendelian Genetics Calculator

Determine genotype and phenotype ratios for monohybrid crosses.

geneticshereditypunnett-square
Biology

Allele Frequency Calculator

Calculate allele frequencies and heterozygosity from genotype counts.

population-geneticsevolutionallele
Biology

PCR Efficiency Calculator

Calculate qPCR amplification efficiency from a standard curve slope.

qpcrmolecular-biologylaboratory
Biology

Protein Molecular Weight Estimator

Estimate the molecular weight of a protein from its amino acid count.

proteomicsbiochemistrymolecular-weight
Biology

Chi-Square Genetics Test Calculator

Test whether observed genetic counts fit an expected Mendelian ratio.

geneticschi-squaremendelian-ratio
Biology

LOD Score Calculator

Estimate the logarithm of odds score used in genetic linkage analysis.

geneticslinkage-analysislod-score
Biology

DNA Melting Temperature Calculator

Estimate DNA or oligo melting temperature for primers and short sequences.

dnatm-calculatoroligo-tm
Biology

PCR Primer Design Calculator

Check PCR primer length, GC content, Tm, 3' clamp, and annealing temperature.

pcrprimer-designannealing-temperature
Biology

Codon Usage Calculator

Paste a coding sequence to calculate codon frequency, per-thousand usage, amino acid counts, and GC3.

codon-usagecodon-frequencyGC3
Biology

Cell Count / Hemocytometer Calculator

Calculate cells per mL, total cells, and live cell concentration from hemocytometer counts, dilution factor, chamber dimensions, volume, and viability.

cell-counthemocytometercells-per-ml
Biology

Mitotic Index Calculator

Calculate overall and field-level mitotic index from mitotic cell counts and total cell counts across one or more microscope fields.

mitotic-indexmitosismicroscopy
Biology

Cell Surface Area to Volume Calculator

Calculate surface area, volume, and SA:V for sphere, cube, cylinder, rectangular prism, or custom measurements.

surface-area-volumeSA:Vcell-biology
Biology

Logistic Growth Model Calculator

Model logistic population growth with carrying capacity, K percentage, inflection point, and a time-series growth table.

logistic-growthcarrying-capacitypopulation-growth
Biology

Shannon Diversity Index Calculator

Calculate Shannon H', evenness, richness, effective species, and per-species contribution from abundance counts.

shannon-indexspecies-diversityevenness
Biology

Simpson's Diversity Index Calculator

Calculate Simpson 1-D, dominance D, reciprocal index, richness, and species-level contribution from abundance counts.

simpson-indexspecies-diversitydominance
Biology

Mark-Recapture Estimate Calculator

Estimate population size from mark-recapture data with Chapman estimate, Lincoln-Petersen estimate, standard error, and recapture rate.

mark-recapturechapman-estimatepopulation-estimate
Biology

Carrying Capacity Calculator

Estimate carrying capacity K from current population, growth rate, observed population change, and logistic growth assumptions.

carrying-capacitylogistic-growthpopulation-growth
Biology

pH Buffer Calculator

Calculate buffer pH, base/acid ratio, buffer range, and target pH recipe with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

buffer-phhenderson-hasselbalchpka
Biology

Protein Concentration (A280) Calculator

Calculate protein concentration from A280, extinction coefficient, path length, dilution factor, molecular weight, sample volume, and A260/A280 check.

protein-a280protein-concentrationextinction-coefficient
Biology

Enzyme Activity Calculator

Calculate enzyme units, stock activity, and specific activity from product concentration, reaction volume, time, diluted enzyme volume, dilution factor, and original stock protein concentration.

enzyme-activityspecific-activityenzyme-units
Biology

Natural Selection Simulation Calculator

Simulate allele frequency change across generations from initial p and genotype fitness values for AA, Aa, and aa.

evolutionnatural-selectionallele-frequency
Biology

Genetic Drift Calculator

Estimate drift variance, allele frequency range, heterozygosity retention, fixation probability, and loss probability in a finite effective population.

evolutiongenetic-driftallele-frequency
Biology

Effective Population Size (Ne) Calculator

Calculate effective population size from breeding male and female counts.

population-geneticseffective-population-sizene
Biology

Photosynthesis Rate Calculator

Calculate and normalize photosynthesis rate from oxygen production or carbon dioxide uptake.

photosynthesis-rateplant-physiologylight-intensity
Biology

Respiratory Quotient (RQ) Calculator

Calculate respiratory quotient from carbon dioxide output and oxygen uptake.

respiratory-quotientmetabolismphysiology
Biology

BMR Calculator

Estimate basal metabolic rate from age, height, weight, and sex.

bmrmetabolismhealth
Biology

VO2 Max Estimator

Estimate maximal oxygen uptake from fitness test measurements.

vo2-maxexercise-physiologyfitness

Health

BMI, calories, heart rate, and key wellbeing estimators.

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Education

Grade, GPA, test score, and study planning calculators for students.

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Math

Algebra, geometry, percentages, and common formula helpers.

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Physics

Motion, force, pressure, and engineering quick computations.

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Finance

Loans, ROI, savings growth, and budgeting calculations.

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Everyday life

Time, dates, unit conversion, and practical daily tools.

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Cooking

Kitchen conversion, baking weights, recipe measurements, and ingredient tools.

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Chemistry

Molar mass, concentration, reaction rates, and pH utilities.

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Construction

Concrete volume, material estimates, and geometry for building.

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Statistics

Standard deviation, sample size, confidence intervals, and tests.

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Other

Symbol, text, novelty, and niche calculation tools that do not fit a standard category.

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